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Cucurbitaceae is an important family of flowering plants containing multiple species of important food plants, such as melons, cucumbers, squashes, and pumpkins. However, a highly efficient genetic transformation system has not been established for most of these species (Nanasato and Tabei, 2020). Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), an economically important and globally cultivated fruit crop, is a model species for fruit quality research due to its rich diversity of fruit size, shape, flavor, aroma, texture, peel and flesh color, and nutritional composition (Guo et al., 2019). Through pan-genome sequencing, many candidate loci associated with fruit quality traits have been identified (Guo et al., 2019). However, few of these loci have been validated. The major barrier is the low transformation efficiency of the species, with only few successful cases of genetic transformation reported so far (Tian et al., 2017; Feng et al., 2021; Wang JF et al., 2021; Wang YP et al., 2021). For example, Tian et al. (2017) obtained only 16 transgenic lines from about 960 cotyledon fragments, yielding a transformation efficiency of 1.67%. Therefore, efficient genetic transformation could not only facilitate the functional genomic studies in watermelon as well as other horticultural species, but also speed up the transgenic and genome-editing breeding.
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Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Citrullus/genética , Cucurbitaceae/genética , Edición Génica , Fitomejoramiento , Transformación GenéticaRESUMEN
Objective@#To investigate the role of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-JUN in promoting the proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) transformation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.@*Methods@#The expression and subcellular localization of YAP1 were detected by tissue immunofluorescence assay. The effects of YAP1 on the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell were examined by cell clone formation experiment. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the effect of YAP1 on the expression and transcriptional level of EMT-related molecular markers. The interaction between YAP1 and JUN was detected by immunocoprecipitation (CoIP) and Western blot assay, which regulated the expression of downstream genes to control the EMT process.@*Results@#The expression of YAP1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue increased and transferred from cytoplasm to nucleus. The number of clones increased significantly after YAP1 up regulation (P<0.01). The expression level of key gene E-cadherin in epithelial cells was significantly inhibited after YAP1 up (P<0.01), while the expression level of the key genes of interstitial cells, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin was significantly up (P<0.01). YAP1 was interacted with nuclear transcription factor JUN, and the proliferation ability of YAP1 decreased significantly (P<0.01) after the inhibition of JUN expression (P<0.01), and the expression of EMT related molecular markers decreased significantly (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#YAP1 combined with JUN gene promotes the proliferation and EMT transformation of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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Objective To investigate the role of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-JUN in promoting the proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) transformation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The expression and subcellular localization of YAP1 were detected by tissue immunofluorescence assay.The effects of YAP1 on the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell were examined by cell clone formation experiment.Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the effect of YAP1 on the expression and transcriptional level of EMT-related molecular markers.The interaction between YAP1 and JUN was detected by immunocoprecipitation (CoIP) and Western blot assay,which regulated the expression of downstream genes to control the EMT process.Results The expression of YAP1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue increased and transferred from cytoplasm to nucleus.The number of clones increased significantly after YAP1 up regulation (P ＜0.01).The expression level of key gene E-cadherin in epithelial cells was significantly inhibited after YAP1 up (P ＜0.01),while the expression level of the key genes of interstitial cells,β-catenin,vimentin and N-cadherin was significantly up (P ＜ 0.01).YAP1 was interacted with nuclear transcription factor JUN,and the proliferation ability of YAP1 decreased significantly (P ＜0.01) after the inhibition of JUN expression (P ＜ 0.01),and the expression of EMT related molecular markers decreased significantly (P ＜0.01).Conclusions YAP1 combined with JUN gene promotes the proliferation and EMT transformation of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of avian influenza A viruses in external environment in Urumqi City in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus in Urumqi City.Methods Environmental specimens were collected from 2013 to 2015 to detect avian influenza A virus nucleic acid with real-time fluorescent PCR.The positive specimens were further analyzed to identify the subtypes of avian influenza A viruses.Results A total of 1 043 environmental specimens were collected and tested.Among them,123 specimens were positive for avian influenza A virus nucleic acid with an overall positive rate of 11.79%.H9 was the predominant subtype,accounting for 7.77% of all specimens.Quarterly detection rates of avian influenza A virus in the three years peaked in different quarters of the year.Of all surveillance sites,live poultry markets in urban and rural areas had the highest positive rate (14.23%).Specimens collected from poultry drinking water (18.44%) and other specimens (19.44%) were highly positive for avian influenza A virus.Conclusion Avian influenza A viruses,especially the subtypes of H5,H7 and H9,exist in live poultry markets in Urumqi City.It is necessary to conduct surveillance and health education among people exposed to poultry in live poultry markets.
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Objective:To investigate the difference of lateral cephalogram, PSG, BMI in Uygur and Han OSAHS male patients. Method:OSAHS male patients with 33 Uygur cases and 42 Han cases,30 normal Uygur cases and 36 normal Han cases were taken as control.Lateral cephalogram of upright position in waking state, then comparecraniofacial strcture parameters and PSG dates, etc. Result:Patients in OSAHS group and normal group had significant differences in the MP-H, PAS, PNS-P, BMI (P<0.05), the Uygur healthy men and Uygur male OSAHS patients had significant difference in the ANB° (P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant in PNS-P, MP-H and BMI in Uygur and Han OSAHS male patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:The differences in airway plane, hyoid position and length of soft palate and weight were significantly different between healthy men and OSAHS men. Han OSAHS male patients and Uygur male patients had significant differences in Hyoid position, length of the soft palate and weight. Lateral cephalogram can judge blocking site of upper airway and provide opration plan.
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Matrix_assisted laser desorption ionization_time of flight tandem mass spectrometry ( MALDI_TOF/TOF MS) and electrospray ionization_quadrupole_time of flight mass spectrometry ( ESI_Q_TOF MS) were used to confirm the structure of cyclic lipopeptide daptomycin fastly. First, the relative molecular weight 1916. 7107 of daptomycin was measured by ESI with error 0. 0007. The sample’s doubly charged peak m/z 809. 848 was selected as precursor ion for ESI_MS/MS analysis, and the exocyclic amino acid sequence C9 H19 CO_Trp_Asn_Asp was successfully matched. Second, the experimental conditions of cleaving daptomycin by lithium hydroxide ( LiOH) were optimized and the ring_opened process was monitored by MALDI_TOF/TOF MS. After obtaining ring_opened product with purity of above 95%, the MS/MS measurements by MALDI and ESI were carried out. The b+and y+of ring_opened product were completely matched, which confirmed the amino acid sequence of daptomycin. Finally, ESI_MS/MS conditions of ring_opened product were further optimized to obtain more low mass fragment ions for analyzing the structure of fatty acid chain and the cleavage pattern of fat chain in mass spectrometry was proposed. The method was fast, convenient, accurate and reliable for identifying cyclic lipopeptide compounds.
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Objective To measure and analyze the external nasal morphology of normal Uygur in Xinjiang,which will provide the anatomical basis for the rhinoplasty.Methods From the Department of Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery of our hospital,we collected the Uighur patients' families as the research objects during January 2011 to December 2012,and at the same time Han nationality patients' families were set as control group.Related parameters of external nose measurements were completed,and the parameters of external nose of 95％ confidence interval calculated,and compared with those of Han people.Results The measured data showed that there were the 95％ confidence interval of the Uighurs external nasal related indicators; The nasal length,height,depth,dorsum slope length,temples,nasal tip angle of the male Uighur were greater than those of male Han; Uighur women had longer,higher nose,more slope length of the nose back,and greater nasal-facial angle and nosewing angle than that of Han women.The proportion of ultra narrow nasal type,narrow nose,the middle nose in Uighur men was 14.02％,79.50％,and 6.48％ ; that in Uighur women was 14.60％,67.72％,and 17.68％,respectively; compared with those in Han nationality,there was a significantly statistical difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions The external nasal morphology of the Uygur people in Xinjiang has its characteristics,with dominants of narrow nasal type; 95％ of medical reference range will provide an objective reference basis for the future clinical work.
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Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in diagnosing ligament injury of the knee.Methods MRI manifestations of ligament injury of the knee confirmed by operation or joint-screen examination in 32 cases were retrospectively analyzed. All cases underwent routine MR scanning. The cases with suspicious anterior cruciate ligament injury undenwent oblique saqittal section fast spin echo-T_2 weight (FSE-T_2WI )and the cases with suspicious medical accessory ligament injury underwent coronal section fat suppressed-fast spin echo-T_2 weight(FS-FSE-T_2W).Results 36 ligaments were found having injury in all cases, including 16 anterior cruciare ligaments, 14 posterior cruciate ligaments, 5 medical accessory ligaments and 1 lateral accessory ligament. The ligaments injuries included tear completely and part.Conclusion MRI is the ideal non-invasive method for studying ligament injury of the knee.